See also:
Criminal justice >

Noncitizens & immigrants in Alaska

• Justice Center . (Spring 2007). "Current Guest Worker Programs." Alaska Justice Forum 24(1): 2–5.
• Moras, Antonia. (Fall 2006). "A Look at Immigration Numbers." Alaska Justice Forum 23(3): 3-4. This article provides an overview of the most reliable figures on immigration—both authorized and unauthorized—for the United States as a whole and for Alaska in particular.
• "Visa Protections for Immigrant Victims of Crime" by Robin Bronen. Alaska Justice Forum 20(2), Summer 2003.
• "Immigration and Naturalization Operations in Alaska". Alaska Justice Forum 20(1), Spring 2003. Includes a sidebar story, "International Students in Alaska".
• "Immigration Court in Alaska 1993-2002 ". Alaska Justice Forum 20(1), Spring 2003. Includes a sidebar story, "Description of an Asylum Case".
• "Immigration Consequences of Criminal Convictions by Robin Bronen. Alaska Justice Forum 20(1), Spring 2003. Includes a sidebar story, "Deportation Cases Involving Criminal Convictions".
• "Non-Citizens Among Anchorage Arrestees" by Brad Myrstol. Alaska Justice Forum 20(1), Spring 2003.
• "Immigration Court in Alaska: An Overview " by Antonia Moras. Alaska Justice Forum 16(3), Fall 1999.
• "Noncitizens in Alaska". Sidebar story accompanying "Noncitizens in the Federal Criminal Justice System (A BJS Report)" by the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Alaska Justice Forum 13(3), Winter 1997.
• U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), Anchorage District Office

Noncitizens and the federal criminal justice system

• Bureau of Justice Statistics. (Winter 1997). "Noncitizens in the Federal Criminal Justice System (A BJS Report)." Alaska Justice Forum 13(4): 2-6. Based on the below report by John Scalia.
• Scalia, John. (Aug 1996). "Noncitizens in the Federal Criminal Justice System, 1984-94: Federal Justice Statistics Program." Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report . NCJ-160934.
• Scalia, John and Litras, Marika F. X. (Aug 2002). "Immigration Offenders in the Federal Criminal Justice System, 2000: Federal Justice Statistics Program." Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report . NCJ-191745.

U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
In 2003, the functions and missions of the former Immmigration and Naturalization Service (INS) were split, renamed, and divided among different bureaus of the new Department of Homeland Security.

General information

• "Reorganization of INS". Alaska Justice Forum 20(1), Spring 2003. An overview of the reorganization of immigration functions of the former Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) into new agencies of the Department of Homeland Security, as of Spring 2003.
• Immigration & Borders. Overview of DHS immigration-related bureaus and highlights of important immigration-related activities.

Bureaus

• U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Administers immigration and naturalization.
• U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Investigates and enforces federal immigration, customs, and air security laws; responsible for identifying and shutting down vulnerabilities in the security of the nation’s border, economic, transportation and infrastructure.
• U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Responsible for border protection and customs at U.S. ports of entry. CBP integrates the functions of customs inspection, immigration inspection, and agriculture inspection formerly conducted by separate agencies.
• Office of Immigration Statistics (OIS). Responsible for developing, analyzing, and disseminating statistical information needed to assess the effects of immigration in the United States, including data on immigration and citizenship and comparative statistics on immigrants, refugees, and asylees.

U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)

• Executive Office of Immigration Review (EOIR). Administers and interprets Federal immigration laws and regulations through the conduct of immigration court proceedings, appellate reviews, and administrative hearings in individual cases.
• Office of Special Counsel for Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practices (DOJ Civil Rights Division). Investigates and prosecutes employers charged with national origin and citizenship status discrimination, as well as document abuse and retaliation under the antidiscrimination provision of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).
• Office of Immigration Litigation (DOJ Civil Division). Has jurisdiction over all civil immigration litigation, and is responsible for the nationwide coordination of immigration matters before the federal district courts and circuit courts of appeals.

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